Which direction does the sun rise?

East, but due east on only two days a year: the March and September equinoxes. Between March and September the sun rises north of east and sets north of west. Between September and March it rises south of east and sets south of west.

That is true everywhere on Earth, in Sydney as much as in London. What changes from place to place is how far round it goes. At the equator the sunrise moves up to 23° from due east over the year. At London's latitude it moves up to 41°, and at Reykjavik's up to 70°. Longitude makes no difference: two places on the same latitude see the sun rise in the same direction on the same day.

Sunset is the mirror image. On any day, the sun sets as far north or south of due west as it rose north or south of due east, to within a degree.

Sunrise and sunset direction by latitude

On the two solstices, when the sun is furthest from due east. Southern latitudes see almost the same bearings as northern ones on the same day: in June the sun rises north of east in Buenos Aires just as it does in Madrid. The two agree to within a degree up to 30° and drift up to 4° apart by 60°, because the air bends the sun's light at the horizon, which carries a summer sunrise slightly further round and holds a winter one slightly back.

LatitudeSunrise, 21 JuneSunrise, 21 DecemberSunset, 21 JuneSunset, 21 December
0° 23° north of east
bearing 67°, ENE
23° south of east
bearing 113°, ESE
23° north of west
bearing 293°, WNW
23° south of west
bearing 247°, WSW
10° 24° north of east
bearing 66°, ENE
24° south of east
bearing 114°, ESE
24° north of west
bearing 294°, WNW
24° south of west
bearing 246°, WSW
20° 25° north of east
bearing 65°, ENE
25° south of east
bearing 115°, ESE
25° north of west
bearing 295°, WNW
25° south of west
bearing 245°, WSW
30° 28° north of east
bearing 62°, ENE
27° south of east
bearing 117°, ESE
28° north of west
bearing 298°, WNW
27° south of west
bearing 243°, WSW
40° 32° north of east
bearing 58°, ENE
31° south of east
bearing 121°, ESE
32° north of west
bearing 302°, WNW
30° south of west
bearing 240°, WSW
50° 39° north of east
bearing 51°, NE
37° south of east
bearing 127°, SE
40° north of west
bearing 310°, NW
37° south of west
bearing 233°, SW
60° 55° north of east
bearing 35°, NE
51° south of east
bearing 141°, SE
55° north of west
bearing 325°, NW
50° south of west
bearing 220°, SW

The table stops at 60° because not much further on the question stops having an answer. From about 66° north or south there are summer days when the sun does not set at all, and from about 67.5° winter days when it does not rise.

Sunrise direction in major cities

Ordered from north to south. Each city's own page draws the sunrise and sunset direction on a map for any date, and gives the sun's position right now.

CitySunrise, 21 JuneSunrise, 21 DecemberSunrise today (30 September)Sunset today
Reykjavík
Iceland, 64.1° N
70° north of east
bearing 20°, NNE
62° south of east
bearing 152°, SSE
4° south of east
bearing 94°, E
4° south of west
bearing 266°, W
Anchorage
United States, 61.2° N
58° north of east
bearing 32°, NNE
53° south of east
bearing 143°, SE
4° south of east
bearing 94°, E
4° south of west
bearing 266°, W
Helsinki
Finland, 60.2° N
55° north of east
bearing 35°, NE
51° south of east
bearing 141°, SE
4° south of east
bearing 94°, E
4° south of west
bearing 266°, W
Oslo
Norway, 59.9° N
55° north of east
bearing 35°, NE
50° south of east
bearing 140°, SE
4° south of east
bearing 94°, E
4° south of west
bearing 266°, W
London
United Kingdom, 51.5° N
41° north of east
bearing 49°, NE
39° south of east
bearing 129°, SE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
Toronto
Canada, 43.7° N
34° north of east
bearing 56°, NE
33° south of east
bearing 123°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
2° south of west
bearing 268°, W
New York
United States, 40.7° N
32° north of east
bearing 58°, ENE
31° south of east
bearing 121°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
2° south of west
bearing 268°, W
Madrid
Spain, 40.4° N
32° north of east
bearing 58°, ENE
31° south of east
bearing 121°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
Tōkyō
Japan, 35.7° N
30° north of east
bearing 60°, ENE
29° south of east
bearing 119°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
Cairo
Egypt, 30.0° N
28° north of east
bearing 62°, ENE
27° south of east
bearing 117°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
New Delhi
India, 28.6° N
27° north of east
bearing 63°, ENE
27° south of east
bearing 117°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
Dubai
United Arab Emirates, 25.3° N
26° north of east
bearing 64°, ENE
26° south of east
bearing 116°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
Mexico City
Mexico, 19.4° N
25° north of east
bearing 65°, ENE
25° south of east
bearing 115°, ESE
2° south of east
bearing 92°, E
2° south of west
bearing 268°, W
Bangalore
India, 13.0° N
24° north of east
bearing 66°, ENE
24° south of east
bearing 114°, ESE
2° south of east
bearing 92°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
Singapore
Singapore, 1.3° N
23° north of east
bearing 67°, ENE
23° south of east
bearing 113°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
Quito
Ecuador, 0.2° S
23° north of east
bearing 67°, ENE
23° south of east
bearing 113°, ESE
2° south of east
bearing 92°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
Nairobi
Kenya, 1.3° S
23° north of east
bearing 67°, ENE
23° south of east
bearing 113°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
Jakarta
Indonesia, 6.2° S
24° north of east
bearing 66°, ENE
24° south of east
bearing 114°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
São Paulo
Brazil, 23.5° S
25° north of east
bearing 65°, ENE
26° south of east
bearing 116°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
3° south of west
bearing 267°, W
Sydney
Australia, 33.9° S
28° north of east
bearing 62°, ENE
29° south of east
bearing 119°, ESE
3° south of east
bearing 93°, E
4° south of west
bearing 266°, W
Cape Town
South Africa, 33.9° S
28° north of east
bearing 62°, ENE
29° south of east
bearing 119°, ESE
4° south of east
bearing 94°, E
4° south of west
bearing 266°, W
Wellington
New Zealand, 41.3° S
31° north of east
bearing 59°, ENE
33° south of east
bearing 123°, ESE
4° south of east
bearing 94°, E
4° south of west
bearing 266°, W

Why it moves

The Earth's axis is tilted 23.4° to its orbit. Over a year that carries the sun from 23.4° north of the equator in June to 23.4° south of it in December, and the point on the horizon where it rises moves with it. At the equator the sunrise moves by exactly the tilt. Further from the equator the horizon meets the sun's path at a shallower angle, so the same movement of the sun carries the sunrise further round.

For anyone who wants to calculate it: ignoring refraction, the sunrise lies at an angle a north of east given by sin a = sin δ / cos φ, where δ is the sun's declination that day and φ your latitude. The figures on this page come from the same solar model as the rest of this site, which also allows for refraction at the horizon.

Where the sun is during the day

North of the Tropic of Cancer, which includes Europe, the United States, China and northern India, the sun is due south at solar noon, every day it is up. South of the Tropic of Capricorn it is due north at noon. Between the two tropics it passes north of overhead for part of the year and south of it for the rest. Singapore's noon sun is in the north in June and in the south in December.

North of the Tropic of Cancer this is why a south-facing wall gets the midday sun all year while a north-facing one gets sun only early and late on summer days, when the sun rises and sets north of east and west. In London the June sunrise is at 49°, almost exactly north-east, and the December one at 129°, almost exactly south-east, so a window facing north-east looks straight at one and is side-on to the other. South of the Tropic of Capricorn, swap north and south.

Find your own city

Or browse all countries. Every city page draws the sunrise and sunset direction for any date on a map of the city.